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Evaluation method of dam behavior during construction and reservoir filling and application to real dams

Yuji KOHGO, Akira TAKAHASHI, Tomokazu SUZUKI,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 92-101 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0009-2

摘要： In this paper we analyzed a real fill-type dam, named the Minami-Aiki Dam, to verify a numerical consolidation method with an elastoplastic model for unsaturated soils. The validities were conducted by comparing the analyzed and measured values during construction and impounding. The settlements calculated showed good agreement to those observed. Though the changing patterns of the measured and calculated pore water pressures were similar, the amounts of pore water pressures induced by the self-weights of embankment and the dissipation speeds were different. The earth pressures measured at the bottom of the core zone showed good agreement with those calculated. This method is valid for estimating behavior of fill-type dams during construction and impounding.

关键词： fill dam consolidation analysis unsaturated geo-materials impounding construction

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In-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD induced by the first-dam reservoirfilling

Neftalí SARMIENTO-SOLANO, Miguel P. ROMO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 81-91 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0378-2

摘要： To evaluate the effects of dam height, valley narrowness and width of concrete slabs on the first-dam reservoir filling in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD´s, 3D finite difference analyses were carried out. Behavior of rockfill dams considered in this study was defined from the monitoring of a number of 3D sets of pressure cells and extensometers installed in three large dams in Mexico. The 3D analyses results show that high in-plane transversal compressive stresses develop within the concrete panels located in the central concrete face zone upon dam reservoir filling loading. Likewise, in-plane induced tensile transversal stresses in the zones near the abutments increase the potential of slabs cracking and damaging the waterstops in-between the vertical and perimetral joints. From the results of the 3D finite difference analyses, a simple method to estimate in-plane normal stresses in the concrete face is advanced and through comparisons with the results of a 3D case numerical study, its accuracy assessed.

关键词： concrete face CFR dams reservoir filling slab in-plane stresses

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Premature melt solidification during mold filling and its influence on the as-cast structure

M. WU, M. AHMADEIN, A. LUDWIG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第1期页码 53-65 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0437-y

摘要：

Premature melt solidification is the solidification of a melt during mold filling. In this study, a numerical model is used to analyze the influence of the pouring process on the premature solidification. The numerical model considers three phases, namely, air, melt, and equiaxed crystals. The crystals are assumed to have originated from the heterogeneous nucleation in the undercooled melt resulting from the first contact of the melt with the cold mold during pouring. The transport of the crystals by the melt flow, in accordance with the so-called “big bang” theory, is considered. The crystals are assumed globular in morphology and capable of growing according to the local constitutional undercooling. These crystals can also be remelted by mixing with the superheated melt. As the modeling results, the evolutionary trends of the number density of the crystals and the volume fraction of the solid crystals in the melt during pouring are presented. The calculated number density of the crystals and the volume fraction of the solid crystals in the melt at the end of pouring are used as the initial conditions for the subsequent solidification simulation of the evolution of the as-cast structure. A five-phase volume-average model for mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification is used for the solidification simulation. An improved agreement between the simulation and experimental results is achieved by considering the effect of premature melt solidification during mold filling. Finally, the influences of pouring parameters, namely, pouring temperature, initial mold temperature, and pouring rate, on the premature melt solidification are discussed.

关键词： premature solidification mold filling as-cast structure modeling

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Numerical simulation of compaction parameters for sand-filled embankment using large thickness sand filling

Wentao WANG, Chongzhi TU, Rong LUO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 568-576 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0444-4

摘要： The study uses the finite element method to simulate a new technique of highway sand embankment filling in Jianghan Plain district, which can raise the thickness of sand-filled layer from 30 cm to 70 cm and can significantly shorten the construction period based on the guarantee of sand embankment construction quality. After simulating the three compacting proposals carried out on the field test, the study uses COMSOL software to research on the compacting effects of sand-filled layers in larger thicknesses by 22 ton vibratory roller alone, and then to investigate the steady compacting effect of 12 ton vibratory roller. The simulation results indicate that the sand-filled layer thickness of 70 cm is suitable for the new sand filling technique, and the sand-filled embankment project with tight construction period is suggested to choose the 12 ton vibration roller for steady compaction.

关键词： sand embankment compaction in large thickness numerical simulation small size vibratory roller steady compaction

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Cancer and the environment: Filling knowledge gaps together

Linda S. BIRNBAUM PhD, DABT, ATS,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 131-133 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0044-3

摘要： When considering disease etiology, we need to view the role of the environment along the continuum from health to disease for individuals because we know that there are complex interactions between genes, their molecular expression, and environmental factors over a person’s lifetime. We clearly have huge gaps in our knowledge along this continuum, and these gaps are natural opportunities for research. There are many factors to consider as we assess the relationship between environmental exposures over a lifetime. One factor is persistence of chemicals that “live” beyond their initial intended use. Another factor is the fact that “inert ingredients” are not really inert. “Low dose” is also another consideration. We need to understand the biological effect of low dose exposure and we should clearly define what they mean by low dose research. For example, are we measuring the administered dose, or the internal/circulating dose? There are new types of toxicity as well. For example, endocrine disruptors and engineered nanomaterials are significant classes of materials deserving significant research. Timing of exposure is a significant feature in characterizing toxicity. Environmental exposures can have a greater impact in early or later life-stages. Finally, mixtures of chemicals are an important consideration. Humans are always exposed to multiple chemicals. In short, we must remember that there is no such thing as “not exposed.” Everyone has been exposed to many and various environmental agents.

关键词： environment genes environmental exposure environmental agent persistence chemicals inert ingredients low dose

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太阳电池填充因子随日照强度变化的理论分析与计算

丁金磊,程晓舫,翟载腾,查珺,茆美琴

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第6期页码 82-87

摘要：

根据太阳电池直流模型和最大功率点数学条件，推出短路电流、开路电压、最大功率点电流和电压以及填充因子随日照强度变化的数学关系式；并选取２个电池分别计算出在不同日照强度下上述电池参数随日照强度的变化率。验证了短路电流和最大功率点电流是近似跟日照强度成正比，开路电压和最大功率点电压是近似跟日照强度的自然对数成正比。并提出了填充因子随日照强度的变化关系不具有简单的函数形式，而对不同的太阳电池其变化关系也迥异。最后用Multisim的模拟结果检验了理论分析计算的正确性。

关键词：太阳电池日照强度输出特性填充因子

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中国火山岩油气藏控制因素及分布规律

侯连华,朱如凯,赵霞,庞正炼,罗霞,毛治国

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 77-86

摘要：

中国沉积盆地内主要发育石炭—二叠系、侏罗—白垩系和古近—新近系3套火山岩，火山岩大面积分布，烃源岩与火山岩伴生，形成良好的生储盖组合。东部盆地以中酸性岩为主，主要发育原生型火山岩储层；西部盆地以中基性岩为主，主要发育风化壳型储层，火山岩风化壳储层物性好于原生型储层物性，各种岩性、岩相均能形成有效储层。东部盆地主要发育岩性、断层—岩性油气藏；西部盆地主要发育地层型、构造—地层型、构造—岩性—地层复合型油气藏。松辽盆地深层持续沉降型断陷控制天然气区域分布，生烃断槽控制断陷内天然气分布，近邻生烃断槽的断裂构造带是天然气富集区带，优质火山岩储层控制天然气富集；新疆北部石炭系残留生烃凹陷控制油气平面分布，风化壳规模控制油气富集程度和规模，风化壳地层型有效圈闭控制油气成藏，正向构造背景控制油气运聚。指出中国火山岩有利勘探面积36万km²，预测火山岩中总资源量60亿t油当量以上，勘探潜力大。

关键词：火山岩储层火成岩油气藏成藏控制因素油气藏分布规律

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长江三峡库区水库诱发地震的研究

李砰,李愿军,杨美娥

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第6期页码 14-20

摘要：

中国长江三峡工程于2003年6月1日正式下闸蓄水，6月7日起突然在湖北省巴东县城北信陵镇沿江一线发生了2000多次密集的小震群，引起了大家的严重关切，在未来的几年内随着二期和三期工程的完工，水位将提高到156m和175m，是否会诱发更大更强的地震？根据地震构造的观点分析了库区东段几条活动断裂的分布、交汇关系和孕震能力，认为巴东和秭归可能为两个潜在震源区，蓄水后有引发5.5级左右的地震可能，地震烈度可达VII°～VIII°；并可能诱发库区内众多滑坡体的复活，导致严重的地质灾害。

关键词：长江三峡水库水库诱发地震地质灾害

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Evaluation of seismic reliability of gravity dam-reservoir-inhomogeneous foundation coupled system

Hamid Taghavi GANJI, Mohammad ALEMBAGHERI, Mohammad Houshmand KHANEGHAHI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 701-715 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0507-1

摘要： The seismic performance of gravity dam-reservoir-foundation coupled system is investigated utilizing probabilistic approach. In this research, the uncertainties associated with modeling parameters are incorporated in nonlinear response history simulations to realistically quantify their effects on the seismic performance of the system. The methodology is applied to Pine Flat gravity dam and the foundation is considered to be inhomogeneous assuming a constant spatial geometry but with various rock material properties. The sources of uncertainty are taken into account in the reliability analysis using Latin Hypercube Sampling procedure. The effects of the deconvolution process, number of samples, and foundation inhomogeneity are investigated.

关键词： gravity dams dam-reservoir-foundation interaction seismic reliability inhomogeneous foundation earthquake deconvolution

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Spatio-temporal variations of water quality in Yuqiao Reservoir Basin, North China

Yuan XU,Ruqin XIE,Yuqiu WANG,Jian SHA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 649-664 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0702-9

摘要： Fuzzy comprehensive assessment and multivariate statistical techniques including cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, principal component analysis, and factor analysis were applied to analyze the water quality status of Yuqiao Reservoir Basin, North China, for assessing its spatio-temporal variations and identifying potential pollution sources. In this paper, we considered data for 14 water quality parameters collected during 1990–2004 at 7 water quality monitoring sites. The results of fuzzy comprehensive assessment revealed that water quality in Yuqiao Reservoir Basin showed a downtrend from 1990 to 2001 with fluctuation, and a slowly upward trend after 2001. The major water quality belonged to Class III and IV. Besides, hierarchical cluster analysis divided 7 monitoring sites into two groups (Group A and B), and 12 months into three periods (low-flow (LF), normal-flow (NF), and high-flow (HF) period). Temp, pH, SS, T-har, DO, NO -N and TP were identified as significant variables affecting spatial variations, and Temp, pH and NO -N were identified as significant variables affecting temporal variations by discriminant analysis. Factor analysis identified four latent pollution sources for water quality variations: nutrient pollution, organic pollution, inorganic pollution, and natural pollution. Moreover, for Group A regions, pollution inputs mainly came from domestic wastewater and industrial sewage. For Group B regions, it is more likely that water pollution resulted from the combined effects of domestic wastewater, hospital wastewater, agriculture runoff, and fishpond discharge, as well as the incoming water from upstream.

关键词： Fuzzy comprehensive assessment multivariate statistical analysis water quality

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水平管道淤积断面紊流的速度分布研究

王冬梅,张士林

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第2期页码 66-68

摘要：

对固定床水平管道断面的紊流速度分布进行研究。将整个断面分为弓形圆弧断面和渗流断面。弓形圆弧断面的速度分布研究基于圆形断面管道紊流理论，并且结合一定的假设数值模拟弓形圆弧断面管道的紊流速度分布规律；渗流断面的速度分布研究基于渗流理论。通过一定的边界条件将两部分断面速度分布组合成整个断面的速度分布。大量的实验证明本研究方法及程序较好地模拟了此断面的紊流速度分布。

关键词：弓形圆弧断面固定床紊流速度零剪力点水力坡度

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高心墙堆石坝填筑施工过程实时监控系统研发与应用

崔博,胡连兴,刘东海

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第12期页码 91-96

摘要：

文章针对高心墙堆石坝填筑施工特点，建立了过程控制指标体系，确定了过程监控方法，提出了解决方案，研制开发了具有实时性、高精度、自动化、全天候等特点的大坝填筑施工过程监控系统，实现土石料上坝运输过程、坝面填筑碾压过程的实时监控。该系统应用于亚洲第一高土石坝——糯扎渡心墙堆石坝的施工现场，建立了以监控系统为核心的施工过程控制体系，对大坝填筑施工的主要环节实现精细化的全天候实时监控，有效地控制了大坝填筑施工参数，提高了施工过程的质量控制水平与效率。

关键词：高心墙堆石坝填筑施工过程实时监控上坝运输填筑碾压研发与应用

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喷淋冷却与自然排烟耦合作用下烟气沉降研究

李思成,陈颖,胡隆华,霍然,阳东

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第9期页码 90-95

摘要：

通过理论分析，建立了喷淋冷却与自然排烟耦合作用下火灾烟气层沉降的理论预测模型，并开展了相应的实验，把实验结果作为输入参数代入模型，得到了不同实验条件下烟气层的沉降结果。结果表明，喷淋冷却与自然排烟耦合作用下，烟气沉降速度相差很小；喷淋作用后，烟气层最终沉降高度降低；随着压力的增大，烟气层最终沉降高度相差较小。

关键词：消防工程水喷淋喷淋冷却自然排烟烟气沉降

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金川高应力矿床充填采矿技术研究进展与亟待解决的技术难题

杨志强,高谦,王永前,陈得信,姚维信

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第1期页码 42-50

摘要：

金川镍矿是世界上少见的大型硫化铜镍矿床。矿体埋藏深、地应力高、地压大、矿岩体不稳固，是目前世界上难采矿床之一。针对金川矿床不利的采矿技术条件，自建矿50多年来，金川矿山已经开展了大量广泛的采矿技术研究。本文首先概述了金川矿山工程概况，归纳总结了金川矿山充填采矿发展历程；然后，阐述了金川矿山充填技术研究以及所取得的研究成果。主要包括：根据工程地质研究和采矿方法试验，选择了与之相适应的下向分层进路胶结充填采矿方法；通过高浓度料浆自流输送和膏体泵送两种充填系统中的关键技术研究，在充填体作用机理、固体废物利用、充填料浆流变特性以及管道减阻输送等方面取得的研究成果；尤其针对膏体充填系统所存在的问题开展了技术攻关和系统改造，由此获得重大科技成果，使膏体充填系统顺利达产。最后指出了目前金川矿山充填开采现状以及存在的主要问题，并提出了金川大型镍矿实现安全、高效、经济和环保充填法开采仍亟待研究解决的关键技术难题。

关键词：金川镍矿；充填采矿；研究进展；技术难题

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Development of an integrated modeling system for improved multi-objective reservoir operation

Lei WANG, Cho Thanda NYUNT, Toshio KOIKE, Oliver SAAVEDRA, Lan Chau NGUYEN, Tran van SAP,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 47-55 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0001-x

摘要： Reservoir is an efficient way for flood control and improving all sectors related to water resources in the integrated water resources management. Moreover, multi-objective reservoir plays a significant role in the development of a country’s economy especially in developing countries. All multi-objective reservoirs have conflicts and disputes in flood control and water use, which makes the operator a great challenge in the decision of reservoir operation. For improved multi-objective reservoir operation, an integrated modeling system has been developed by incorporating a global optimization system (SCE-UA) into a distributed biosphere hydrological model (WEB-DHM) coupled with the reservoir routing module. The new integrated modeling system has been tested in the Da River subbasin of the Red River and showed the capability of reproducing observed reservoir inflows and optimizing the multi-objective reservoir operation. First, the WEB-DHM was calibrated for the inflows to the Hoa Binh Reservoir in the Da River. Second, the WEB-DHM coupled with the reservoir routing module was tested by simulating the reservoir water level, when using the observed dam outflows as the reservoir release. Third, the new integrated modeling system was evaluated by optimizing the operation rule of the Hoa Binh Reservoir from 1 June to 28 July 2006, which covered the annual largest flood peak. By using the optimal rule for the reservoir operation, the annual largest flood peak at downstream control point (Ben Ngoc station) was successfully reduced (by about 2.4m for water level and 2500m·s for discharge); while after the simulation periods, the reservoir water level was increased by about 20m that could supply future water use.

关键词： distributed biosphere hydrological model (WEB-DHM) optimization multi-objective reservoir the Red River basin